What is Scoliosis?
A healthy spine appears straight when viewed from the front. In scoliosis, the spine curves to the side in a "C" or "S" shape and is often accompanied by some rotation. The degree of curvature is measured by the "Cobb angle," and treatment decisions are largely based on this angle and the patient's growth potential.
Types
- Idiopathic scoliosis: The most common type; its cause is not fully known and it typically appears during adolescence.
- Congenital scoliosis: Results from congenital spinal development abnormalities.
- Neuromuscular scoliosis: Accompanies neuromuscular diseases such as cerebral palsy.
- Degenerative scoliosis: Develops in adults due to age-related spinal degeneration.
Symptoms
- One shoulder higher than the other,
- One shoulder blade more prominent than the other,
- Waist appearing tilted to one side or asymmetrical hips,
- One side of the back appearing higher when bending forward,
- In advanced cases, back pain and shortness of breath.
Tip: The forward bending test (Adams test) is a simple way to detect scoliosis early. In case of suspicion, consulting a specialist provides diagnosis without delay.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made through physical examination and spinal X-rays. The Cobb angle is measured; if necessary, MR or CT imaging may be requested to evaluate the structure of the curvature in detail. In children and adolescents, regular follow-up is of great importance as growth continues.
Treatment Options
| Degree of Curvature | Approach |
|---|---|
| 10°–20° | Observation and regular follow-up, scoliosis exercises |
| 20°–45° | Bracing therapy + physical therapy (during growth period) |
| 45°–50° and above | Surgical evaluation |
Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatment
In mild to moderate curvatures, especially in growing children, bracing and specialized exercise programs (such as the Schroth method) aim to stop or slow the progression of the curvature. Physical therapy improves posture and muscle balance.
Surgical Treatment
When the curvature exceeds a certain level or progresses rapidly, surgery becomes an option. The most commonly performed method is "spinal fusion," in which the vertebrae are straightened and stabilized with metal rods and screws. Modern surgical techniques aim to correct the curvature while preserving mobility as much as possible.
Advantage of Scoliosis Treatment in Turkey
Turkey serves international patients with experienced orthopedic and neurosurgery teams in spinal surgery. Advanced technology-equipped hospitals, safety measures such as neuromonitoring, and affordable costs are offered together. Treatment packages typically include pre-operative evaluation, surgery, and rehabilitation support.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is scoliosis surgery necessary for every patient?
No. In mild curvatures, follow-up, bracing, and exercise may be sufficient. Surgery is usually recommended in cases exceeding 45-50 degrees or progressive cases.
Can scoliosis be corrected with exercise?
Special exercises help slow progression, but alone they cannot completely correct advanced curvature.
How long is recovery after surgery?
Patients can get up within a few days, return to daily activities within 4-6 weeks; complete recovery may take 6-12 months.
Is scoliosis hereditary?
Family predisposition can be seen in idiopathic scoliosis; therefore, early screening is recommended if there is a family history.