Obesity is not merely an aesthetic issue; it is a chronic health condition that creates the foundation for many serious disorders such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, joint problems, and sleep apnea. When diet and exercise fail to produce lasting results, bariatric (obesity) surgery offers an effective and scientifically proven option. In this guide, we address gastric reduction methods, candidate criteria, and life after treatment.
What is Bariatric Surgery?
Bariatric surgery is the general term for operations that reduce the amount of calories consumed and absorption by reducing stomach volume and/or altering the digestive tract. The aim is not only weight loss; it is to control obesity-related diseases and improve quality of life. Today, procedures are mostly performed using laparoscopic (closed) methods with small incisions.
Main Methods
- Gastric Sleeve (Sleeve Gastrectomy): This is the most commonly performed method. Approximately 75-80% of the stomach is removed, leaving behind a narrow tube-shaped stomach resembling a banana. Both stomach volume is reduced and hunger hormone (ghrelin) secretion decreases. Since the digestive tract is not altered, the risk of absorption problems is lower.
- Gastric Bypass: The stomach is reduced in size and a section of the small intestine is bypassed to create a new connection. Both the amount of food intake and absorption are reduced. It produces particularly effective results in patients with advanced obesity and type 2 diabetes.
- Gastric Balloon: This is a non-surgical method. A balloon placed in the stomach via endoscopy creates a sense of fullness, reducing food intake. It is typically removed after 6-12 months. It is an option for people with lower BMI or those not suitable for surgery.
Important: No bariatric method is a miracle cure. Lasting success depends on permanent changes in eating habits and lifestyle after surgery.
Who Can Be a Candidate?
- People with BMI 40 and above,
- Those with BMI between 35-40 who have accompanying conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, or sleep apnea,
- Those who have not achieved lasting results with diet and exercise,
- People whose general health is suitable for surgery and who can comply with the team throughout the process.
Recovery and Nutrition Process
| Period | Nutrition | Activity |
|---|---|---|
| First 1-2 weeks | Liquid foods | Light walking |
| 3-4 weeks | Pureed foods | Daily activities |
| 5-6 weeks | Soft solid foods | Light exercise |
| After 2 months | Normal (small portions) | Regular exercise |
Protein-priority nutrition, abundant water consumption, and vitamin-mineral supplements recommended by your physician are integral parts of the process. Regular check-ups are critical for both safety and lasting results.
Risks
As with any surgery, risks such as bleeding, infection, and leakage exist; however, these risks are low with experienced teams. In the long term, vitamin deficiencies may occur, requiring lifelong monitoring and supplementation. For this reason, bariatric surgery is not merely an operation, but a long-term treatment journey.
The Advantage of Obesity Surgery in Turkey
Turkey is one of the world's preferred centers for bariatric surgery. When experienced surgeons with high patient volume, modern hospitals, and internationally standardized care are combined with affordable prices, Turkey becomes an attractive option. Treatment packages typically include accommodation, transfers, and post-operative follow-up support.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What should BMI be for gastric sleeve surgery?
Generally 40 and above, or between 35-40 with accompanying conditions. The final decision is made with examination.
How much weight will be lost?
After gastric sleeve, approximately 60-70% of excess weight can be lost in the first 12-18 months.
Can surgery be reversed?
Gastric sleeve cannot be reversed because part of the stomach is removed. Gastric bypass can technically be revised.
Will the stomach expand again?
It may expand somewhat over time with excessive and irregular eating; therefore, eating discipline is essential.
This content is for general information purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Treatment decisions must be made following an examination by an authorized physician. GİA Mimoza Turizm Tic. Ltd. Şti. (TÜRSAB 18393).